If one of the above five elements is missing, an explosion cannot occur. Because of the brittle nature of coal, coal dust can be created during mining. The explosion is blamed on killing 500 to 600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. Most materials that can burn or oxidize become a combustible dust explosion hazard when they are divided into small particles. Over the last 20 years, there has been a gradual shift in approach in dust explosion prevention and mitigation, from simple schematic design methods, toward more sophisticated ones opening up for increased flexibility and tailoring. Desc is a dust explosion simulator developed by a consortium of 11 participants in a project sponsored by the european community. The current paper describes an approach for dust explosion quantitative risk management of the following nontraditional particulate fuel systems. In canada, the hazardous products regulation whmis 2015 defines combustible dust as a mixture or substance that is in the. Highlights we developed a conceptual framework and an implementation flowchart to manage dust hazards. Dispersion of dust particles in sufficient quantity and concentration.
An additional two elements must be present for a combustible dust explosion. The main purpose of the project was to develop a simulation tool based. We developed a fta flowchart to identify the likelihood of any expected dust explosion. Categories, into which dusts are classified on the basis of their. Combustible dust could explode in the presence of a. A dust cloud explosion triggered a fatal blast and fire that killed.
An initial primary dust explosion in processing equipment may shake loose accumulated. It is used extensively in the oil and gas and process industries and also increasingly in the nuclear industry, in facilities with dust explosion potential and. The national fire protection association nfpa is a nonprofit organization that develops codes and standards for fire and explosion safety. Dust explosions can occur where any dispersed powdered combustible material is present in highenough concentrations in the atmosphere or other oxidizing gaseous medium, such as pure oxygen. There are myths regarding dust explosions, is it fairly widely held belief or myth that major dust explosions are prevented by keeping the humidity in the environment over 60 percent. How to make sure your dust collection system complies.
Combustible dust explosions typically occur in two waves. Eckhoff2 1gexcon as, fantoftveien 38, 5892 bergen, norway 2university of bergen, department of physics and technology, bergen, norway a new cfdcode for simulating dust explosions in complex geometries desc is. For the modeling of gas explosion, two types of combustion models are common. The quantitative risk management framework qrmf is based on hazard identification via credible accident scenarios for dust explosions, followed by probabilistic fault tree analysis using relex reliability excellence software and consequence severity analysis, represented by maximum explosion pressure, using desc dust explosion. Measures for the prevention of sugar dust explosions. How to make sure your dust collection system complies with. When a description of the behavior of a dust explosion in the geometry is needed, a cfd computational fluid dynamics model, which can describe the.
Vented explosion test with and without the fike flamquench ii device. Gexcon can simulate the development of a dust explosion with our desc software, either to understand accidents that have taken place or to predict how best. Dispersion of dust particles in sufficient quantity and concentration 5. Combustible dust could explode in the presence of a certain ignition source if forming a dust cloud in the air with a certain concentration. Dust explosion control final exam flashcards quizlet. A dust explosion requires that all five elements of the dust explosion pentagon are present. Dust explosion standards european, astm and nfpa standards. How to prevent or mitigate a dust explosion in your bucket. Dec 07, 2016 717 explosion protection systems 773 dust collectors and collection system 776 prevention and mitigation of combustible dust explosions and fire industry specific standards building and fire codes. Many materials, ranging from baking flour to metal dusts, can fuel dust explosions when present in a finely divided state. To protect persons at work, explosion relief vents must be located or positioned away from work areas, walkways, etc.
Reducing the risk of dust explosions in the food industry. Dust explosion simulation code desc was a project supported by the european commission under the fifth framework programme. If such explosions occur, they often have serious consequences not. Eckhoff 2 1 gexcon as, bergen, norway 2 university of bergen, department of physics and technology, bergen, norway d esc. Standard ansys software was selected to model dust explosion inside the. Conditions for a dust explosion dust must be suspended in air. Dust explosion test data the nfpa explosion protection committee has compiled a database of published and unpublished dust explosion venting test data. Eckhoff2 1gexcon as, bergen, norway 2university of bergen, department of physics and technology, bergen, norway d esc. Qra and the hierarchy of safety controls are the main key features of the framework. Desc was built around the gexcon cfdtool flacs, but adapted to dust explosions. A dust cloud explosion triggered a fatal blast and fire that killed workers and injured. Explosion isolation systems are also required where the dust collector is connected to another piece of equipment that presents an explosion hazard or where the upstream ductwork services work areas.
Simulating dust explosions with the first version of desc icheme. Qra and the hierarchy of safety controls are the main key features of the. The quantitative risk management framework qrmf is based on hazard identification via credible accident scenarios for dust explosions, followed by probabilistic fault tree analysis. Brian and jason found a treasure map scrawled on a wizards scroll. Desc dust explosion simulation code desc is a dust explosion simulator developed by a consortium of 11 participants in a project sponsored by the european community. Real conditions can not be one dust explosion is a kind of very dangerous hazard and can happen. In the methodology followed, dustair mixtures are ignited to deflagration in. Combustible dust hazard prevention grainger knowhow. Real conditions can not be one dust explosion is a kind of very dangerous hazard and can happen anywhere, where dust is produced either as main products, or intermediate products, or byproducts. Desc is a new cfdcode that is being developed for simulating dust explosions in complex geometries. During an explosion, the ignition source ignites nearby dust particles starting a chain reaction during. First is the presence of a combustible dust itself. The technicians of etea sicurezza group are certified at an international level for the use of simulation software in fire and explosion protection. Nowadays, a wide range of flameless vent products is offered to fit round or rectangular vent panels of different sizes.
Dont repeat a history of combustible dust explosions. Application of the code is illustrated by simulating various explosion scenarios, using maize starch as model dust. In the methodology followed, dustair mixtures are ignited to deflagration in laboratory test. In order to prevent dust explosion from happening it is. Hazard communication guidance for combustible dusts. Fire and explosion hazards in the handling of combustible. Coal dust is a fine powdered form of coal, which is created by the crushing, grinding, or pulverizing of coal. Create a program to inspect for and test for the presence of dust. Dust explosions can occur where any dispersed powdered combustible material is. Potential bases of safety that can then be considered for dust explosion risks include. It is necessary for five elements to be in place for a dust explosion to occur. What are examples of materials that can be a combustible dust hazard. Dust as a risk factor as with combustible liquids and the flammable gasair mixes that result from them, certain requirements must be fulfilled for a suitable ignition source to ignite a mix of dust and air and thus trigger an explosion. A dust explosion can be catastrophic and cause employee deaths, injuries, and destruction of entire buildings.
Between 1980 and 2005, combustible dust explosions in the united states killed 119 workers and injured 718, and 14 workers were killed in a 2008 sugar dust explosion in georgia. This explosion is used on industry training days and always produces a spectacular result figure 3. Do you have a housekeeping program to regularly remove dust. The database is limited to relatively recent largescale testing in order to explicitly include reported values of the kst value 1 for the test material. Measures for the prevention of sugar dust explosions 6 2 fundamental considerations in the sugar industry, dust explosion protection is a vital prerequisite of the safe operation of sugar. Deflagration is a term often used to describe combustible dust explosions. European standards en14491, en14373, en14797, en1127, en15089, en iso 80079202 and nfpa standards nfpa68, nfpa69. Filter, dust explosion, simulation, desc, cfi also obvious its reliability. Dust explosion is a phenomenon that explosion occurs due to the presence of an ignition source with combustible dust cloud in the air.
Dust particles must be small dust concentration must be within the explosible range. Eckhoff 2 1 gexcon as, bergen, norway 2 university of bergen, department of physics and technology, bergen, norway d esc is a new cfdcode that is being developed for simulating dust explosions in complex geometries. Explosion relief and venting provide explosion relief vents of suitable size at the right locations for powder handling units to safely vent the energy in the event of a dust explosion. Dust explosion prevention and mitigation, status and developments. In 2000, the desc project was started by the european commission, and coordinated by the uk hsl, to develop a dust explosion cfdsimulator. National shooting sports foundation nssf recommended for you. Dust explosion protection temperature combustion and explosion parameters for dusts depends on their condition specific properties. Results of a seminar coal dust explosion at kloppersbos. A quantitative risk management framework for dust and hybrid. The dust concentration is the characteristic quantity. Software for dust explosion if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. Gexcon as, bergen norway are world leading fire and explosion safety consultants and provide a range of consultancy services, training courses and software.
Despite the dangers of combustible dust explosions, osha does not have a combustible dust standard. Eckhoff2 1gexcon as, bergen, norway 2university of bergen, department of physics and technology, bergen, norway d esc is a new cfdcode that is being developed for simulating dust explosions in. Dust explosions control section 3 quiz flashcards quizlet. A lot of common foodstuffs like grain and flour, sugar, starch, and cocoa powder are highly combustible when they are in the form of fine dust.
Rifle sightin process longrange rifle shooting with ryan cleckner duration. In the methodology followed, dust air mixtures are ignited to deflagration in laboratory test. As a result, a nearly empty coal store is a greater explosion risk than a full one. Dust explosion simulation code and flacs flame acceleration simulator. In canada, the hazardous products regulation whmis 2015 defines combustible dust as a mixture or substance that is in the form of finely divided solid particles that, upon ignition, is liable to catch fire or explode when dispersed in air. Combustible dust explosions combustible dusts are fine particles that present an explosion hazard when suspended in air in certain conditions. Measures for the prevention of sugar dust explosions 6 2 fundamental considerations in the sugar industry, dust explosion protection is a vital prerequisite of the safe operation of sugar producing plants.
The technical definitions for combustible dust vary. In many combustible dust incidents, employers and employees were unaware that. Simulating dust explosions with the first version of desc. A dust explosion is the rapid combustion of fine particles suspended in the air within an enclosed location. Media in category dust explosions the following 25 files are in this category, out of 25 total. Dust explosion testevaluation of hazardous substances for. Over the last 20 years, there has been a gradual shift in. The author has not worked directly on the source code for the cfd software, but. How to make sure your dust collection system complies with combustible dust standards. Dust explosion protection learn more here ecom instruments. An optimal level of dust explosion risk management.
A quantitative risk management framework for dust and. Fourminute video depicting the specific events that lead to the explosion of the imperial sugar refinery in port wentworth. Important combustion and explosion characteristics of more than 7,000 dust samples from virtually all sectors of industry were determined as a basis for the safe handling of combustible dusts and for the planning of preventive and protective measures against dust explosions in dust generating and processing plants. Explosion risk assessment the simulator of dust explosions. One lone beam of light shone down upon an exalted paint. Dust explosion prevention and mitigation, status and. There must be an ignition source having enough energy to initiate flame propagation. Prevention avoidance of the formation of flammable atmospheres. When a description of the behavior of a dust explosion in the geometry is needed, a cfd computational fluid dynamics model, which can describe the physics of a dust explosion, has to be used. Indepth knowledgea powerful and essential tool in assessing and controlling dust explosion hazards in practice. Etea sicurezza group employs the most advanced technological means to fulfil the explosion risk assessment and makes use of specific calculation programs for the simulation of dust or gas explosions, such as software d.
Desc, as cfd, used to predict dust explosion consequences in industrial complexes. Procedures to measure the main parameters which describe dust. Oct 20, 2015 the explosion is blamed on killing 500 to 600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. Flacs is a comprehensive, yet easy to use, software tool for modelling dispersion, fire and explosion consequences in full 3d for all typical flammable and toxic release scenarios. To prevent a dust explosion, osha recommends employers.